The two most popular types of commercial coffee beans are Arabica and Robusta. Each of them has distinct characteristics that influence their flavor profiles.

Origins

Arabica, scientifically known as Coffea arabica, is believed to have originated in the highlands of Ethiopia and is now primarily grown in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Arabica plants thrive in high altitudes, ideally between 2,000 and 6,000 feet above sea level, and generally require consistent rainfall and mild temperatures to thrive. They are more challenging to harvest because they grow in areas that are not easily accessible.

Robusta, or Coffea canephora, originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is predominantly grown in Africa and Southeast Asia. Robusta plants are hardier and more resilient than Arabica, capable of thriving in lower altitudes, from sea level up to around 2,000 feet. They have naturally occurring high levels of caffeine and chlorogenic acid, which acts as a natural pesticide.

Flavor Profile

Arabica beans are more dense than Robusta beans because they’re grown at higher elevations. They are also much more aromatic due to having nearly 60% more lipids than Robusta, resulting in a smoother and more complex flavor. Arabica beans tend to have a sweeter flavor with notes of fruit, berries, and floral undertones. The acidity in Arabica beans is typically higher, as well.

Robusta beans have a bolder, more intense flavor. They often have a stronger, bitter taste with earthy or nutty undertones. The high caffeine content in Robusta beans contributes to their more astringent flavor. However, this boldness makes Robusta an excellent choice for espresso blends, where its strong flavor can cut through milk and sugar.

Caffeine Content

Robusta beans contain nearly twice as much caffeine as Arabica beans, which is one reason for their bitter taste. The higher caffeine content also makes Robusta beans more resilient against pests and environmental stress, contributing to their widespread cultivation in regions with less favorable growing conditions.

Arabica beans are generally less bitter and more palatable to those who prefer a milder cup of coffee. The reduced caffeine level in Arabica also means that it has less of a jolt than Robusta, making it a good choice for those who want to enjoy their coffee without an overwhelming caffeine buzz.

Arabica beans have a smooth, complex flavor and lower caffeine content, while Robusta beans have a bold, bitter flavor and a higher caffeine content. Ultimately, the choice between Arabica and Robusta comes down to personal preference; good coffee is good coffee at the end of the day! At Sheldrake, we use the finest Arabica coffee beans from around the world. Take a look at our diverse and delicious selection, all of which are roasted daily right in our store.